Nationella m?tningar visar att svenska elevers l?sf?rm?ga f?rs?mrats under 2000-talet trots att skolor har blivit b?ttre p? att identifiera elevers l?ssv?righeter. Syftet med studien ?r att unders?ka hur n?gra speciall?rare med specialisering mot spr?k-, skriv- och l?sutveckling som arbetar p? skolor med god m?luppfyllelse i svenska, beskriver att de planerar, genomf?r, f?ljer upp och vill utveckla insatser i l?sundervisningen i ?rskurs F-3 efter att l?sscreening gjorts f?r att elever med l?ga resultat ska utvecklas mot en god l?sf?rm?ga. De centrala fr?gest?llningar studien fokuserar p? ?r hur speciall?rare beskriver att de anv?nder elevers testresultat f?r att planera och genomf?ra insatser efter l?sscreeningen, hur de beskriver att de f?ljer upp insatser samt hur de skulle vilja utveckla detta arbete.

Bakgrund och problematisering: F?retagsf?rv?rv ?r ett vanligt inslag i det svenska n?ringslivet, vars genomf?rande ?kat de senaste ?ren och refererar till n?r ett f?retag k?per aktier i ett annat f?retag, vanligtvis kallat m?lf?retag. F?rv?rvsprocessen ?r omfattande och kan brytas ut i flera olika steg, s?som due diligence, integration och uppf?ljning. Trots det stora antalet genomf?rda f?rv?rv visar forskning d?remot att en stor m?ngd f?rv?rv misslyckas med att uppn? sina m?l, ofta p? grund av bristande integration.

Syfte: Syftet med denna litteratur?versikt ?r att unders?ka det vetenskapliga underlaget f?r huruvida totalt flavonoidintag fr?n kosten p?verkar totalmortalitet bland vuxna med diagnostiserad cancer vid baslinje. Metod: Denna systematiska litteratur?versikt analyserar prospektiva kohortstudier som unders?ker sambandet mellan flavonoidintag och totalmortalitet. De s?kord som anv?ndes var "flavonoid intake", "flavanol intake", "cancer mortality" och "cancer survival". Det genomf?rdes en systematisk litteraturs?kning i databaserna PubMed och Scopus, f?ljt av en dataextration.

Syftet med den h?r studien ?r att unders?ka hur styrdokument f?r folkskolan och l?roverken skiljer sig i synen p? uppfostran, ordning, uppf?rande och disciplin?ra ?tg?rder mot elever, perioden 1842-1955, samt hur denna syn f?r?ndras under den unders?kta perioden. Studiens fr?gest?llningar ?r: Vad ?r synen p? uppfostran, ordning, uppf?rande och disciplin?ra ?tg?rder mot elever i styrdokumenten f?r folkskolan respektive l?roverken, perioden 1842-1955? Vilka likheter och skillnader finns mellan synen p? uppfostran, ordning, uppf?rande och disciplin?ra ?tg?rder mot elever i styrdokumenten f?r folkskolan respektive l?roverken, perioden 1842-1955? Studien till?mpar en kvalitativ inneh?llsanalys. Det inneb?r en textanalys d?r textinneh?llet i styrdokumenten f?r folkskolan och l?roverken granskas.

Bakgrund Typ 2-diabetes ?r en kronisk sjukdom d?r kroppen har insulinresistens eller minskad insulinproduktion som utvecklas l?ngsamt och kr?ver sammanfattande egenv?rdsinsatser. Sjuksk?terskan har en central roll i att st?dja patienter att utveckla kunskap, motivation och f?rm?ga till egenv?rd. Syfte Att belysa sjuksk?terskans arbete med att fr?mja egenv?rd hos vuxna personer med typ-2 diabetes.

Bakgrund: Smärta är för intensivvårdspatienten en unik, subjektiv, obehaglig och flerdimensionell upplevelse. Intensivvårdssjuksköterskan har ett moraliskt ansvar att lindra patienternas smärta. Verbalt icke-kommunicerandepatienter kan inte skatta sin smärta med hjälp av Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). På en neurointensivvårdsavdelning (NIVA) i Stockholm har det beteendebaserade smärtskattningsverktyget- the Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT), implementerats. Intensivvårdssjuksköterskorna på NIVA använder CPOT dagligen i sitt arbete.

The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is a special unit for patients who is in the need for emergency life-sustaining measures and every patient has complex medical- technical equipment. The experiences of a critical illness and the needs of critical care are experienced in different ways. The purpose of this study was to describe the experiences from patients in the ICU and how this experience has an influence on the patients. The method was a study of literature with a qualitative inception based on eight scientific articles and the analysis of content has been inspired by Graneheim and Lundman (2003). The result of the study is presented by four categories: to loose the ability to make themselves understood, to be forced to adjust to the environment of caring, to have the lack of connection with reality and to be in an intensive care environment, The results showed that patients in the ICU are affected by the attitude from the staff, the equipment around them as well as the sounds and lights in the environment there.

The aim: was to describe and compare a group of experts and critical care nurses' agreement in detecting delirium in intubated, ventilator treated patients with sedation / analgesia, before and after an in house training intervention with the instrument Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU).Method: A quasi-experimental study, one group pretest - posttest design. A convenience sample of 17 critical care nurses in a general intensive care unit included. To detect delirium the instrument CAM-ICU was used, 21 paired tests before and 22 after an educational intervention.Main Results: The results showed that after an in house training intervention sensitivity and kappa coefficient improved of the characteristic 1 "acute onset and fluctuating course," an improvement that was significant. In other features, and overall values were signs of numerical improvement and deterioration in sensitivity, specificity and kappa coefficient but no significant change.Conclusion: Implementing a new instrument for detecting delirium in clinical practice requires education and follow-up. A small sample of critical care nurses with varying ability to use the new instrument and the fact that patients' status may change rapidly making it difficult to draw any conclusions from this study.

The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is a special unit for patients who is in the need for emergency life-sustaining measures and every patient has complex medical- technical equipment. The experiences of a critical illness and the needs of critical care are experienced in different ways. The purpose of this study was to describe the experiences from patients in the ICU and how this experience has an influence on the patients. The method was a study of literature with a qualitative inception based on eight scientific articles and the analysis of content has been inspired by Graneheim and Lundman (2003). The result of the study is presented by four categories: to loose the ability to make themselves understood, to be forced to adjust to the environment of caring, to have the lack of connection with reality and to be in an intensive care environment, The results showed that patients in the ICU are affected by the attitude from the staff, the equipment around them as well as the sounds and lights in the environment there.

The aim: was to describe and compare a group of experts and critical care nurses' agreement in detecting delirium in intubated, ventilator treated patients with sedation / analgesia, before and after an in house training intervention with the instrument Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU).Method: A quasi-experimental study, one group pretest - posttest design. A convenience sample of 17 critical care nurses in a general intensive care unit included. To detect delirium the instrument CAM-ICU was used, 21 paired tests before and 22 after an educational intervention.Main Results: The results showed that after an in house training intervention sensitivity and kappa coefficient improved of the characteristic 1 "acute onset and fluctuating course," an improvement that was significant. In other features, and overall values were signs of numerical improvement and deterioration in sensitivity, specificity and kappa coefficient but no significant change.Conclusion: Implementing a new instrument for detecting delirium in clinical practice requires education and follow-up. A small sample of critical care nurses with varying ability to use the new instrument and the fact that patients' status may change rapidly making it difficult to draw any conclusions from this study.

The purpose of this study was to gain a clearer picture of how after-school-care teachers? work with fundamental values in after-school care, both practically and theoretically based on the curriculum Lgr 11. I wanted to acquire a broader understanding of the school's core values and what kinds of tools teachers used to cope with their task. I proceeded with two questions:How does after-school care proactively work with core values based on gender, ethnicity and class?How does the work on value issues at after-school care centers compare with Lgr 11?In my study, I used literature studies and a qualitative analysis of five interviews with afterschool care teachers.

Today patients are more aware of their rights regarding their own care. They are more informed, more engaged and have more and individual requirements, which leads to increased demands for information and participation increases. The Health Act sets out the patients´ right to participation. Participation increases patient satisfaction with care, promotes healing and increases adherence to health care advise. The patient doesn´t always experience participation in their own care to the extent they wish, which suggests that nurse?s does not always succeed in getting the patient involved.

Bakgrund Typ 2-diabetes ?r en kronisk sjukdom d?r kroppen har insulinresistens eller minskad insulinproduktion som utvecklas l?ngsamt och kr?ver sammanfattande egenv?rdsinsatser. Sjuksk?terskan har en central roll i att st?dja patienter att utveckla kunskap, motivation och f?rm?ga till egenv?rd. Syfte Att belysa sjuksk?terskans arbete med att fr?mja egenv?rd hos vuxna personer med typ-2 diabetes.

The proportion of elderly people in Sweden is increasing. Many of these live at home and as their age increases so does the likelihood of health problems and the need for support, medical attention and care. Personnel working with home help provide a large part of this care, including areas of home-based care that are the responsibility of the district nurse. The purpose of this paper is to describe how home-help personnel perceive their work in the area of home-based care, as their views are an important factor in the ability to provide a care system that funktions successfully. The method employed here is phenomenografic and nine subjects from a home-help group have been interviewed.

Bakgrund: Typ 2-diabetes ?r en kronisk sjukdom som kr?ver livsl?ng behandling och omv?rdnad. Egenv?rd och sj?lvtillit kan utg?ra en viktig faktor f?r personens v?lbefinnande. Orems egenv?rdsteori beskriver olika stadier av patientens egenv?rdsf?rm?ga, och sjuksk?terskans roll i v?rdandet. Av den anledningen finns ett behov av en litteratur?versikt som beskriver patienters upplevelser av sjuksk?terskeledd undervisning vid typ 2-diabetes samt hur denna p?verkar egenv?rd och sj?lvtillit. Syftet: Syftet ?r att beskriva patienters upplevelser av sjuksk?terskeledd undervisning vid typ 2-diabetes samt hur denna undervisning upplevs p?verka egenv?rd och sj?lvtillit. Metod: Litteratur?versikten genomf?rdes enligt Fribergs metod.